I have my hands on a Cisco IOS based router, so I thought it time to place probably one of the most important commands you will use with an IOS based device on my site.

copy running-config startup-config

The above command copies the configuration that is currently being used/run by the router into the non-volatile memory (NVRAM). The running-config is basically what is sitting in RAM, if the power goes out it's wiped. NVRAM is were we store this config for use when the router is started, reset, or when the power fails.

This is one of the area's were Cisco equipment differs from your average Customer-premises equipment (CPE) gear. This can bite you in the ass if you haven't dealt with it before.

If your interested in a really good cheat sheet for QoS, then head on over to PacketLife.net. It will save you from looking dumb when your brain decides to take a holiday.

It containins information on:

• Quality of Service Models
• Layer 2 QoS Markings
• IP QoS Markings
• QoS Flowchart
• QoS Terminology
• Per-Hop Behaviors
• Congestion Avoidance
• IP Type of Service (TOS)
• Precedence Values
• DSCP Values
• Queuing Comparison Chart
• First In First Out (FIFO)
• Priority Queuing (PQ)
• LLQ Configuration Example
• Custom Queuing (CQ)
• Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ)
• Class-Based WFQ (CBWFQ)
• Low Latency Queuing (LLQ)
• Troubleshooting QoS

QoS Cheat Sheet

Here is an interesting device for you all out there. I decided that I was sick and tired for the horrible radio reception I have at my house given that I pretty much have hills in all directions accept for the ocean to the east. My solution to the problem is however not unique, there are probably a fair few of these things out in the world these days. It's rather uncomplicated to steam content online these days, and I must say the Reciva Logik IR100 is rather uncomplicated. (Well from my perspective anyway)

» Read More...

Here is an interesting video for you all. I new Inkjet Printer wasted ink cleaning them selves etc, but god damn they waste lots.


The Dirty Little Secret of Inkjet Printers - Metacafe is a click away

A press release from Toshiba has confirmed that HD-DVD is dead. Toshibia ( 東芝 ) has decided it will no longer develop, manufacture and market HD-DVD players and recorders. This spells victory for Sony ( ソニー ) and it's Blu-ray Format. Of course consumers are the big decider in the end, will they be bothered, time will tell.

I frequent Whirlpool a fair bit (Not the white goods company), and came across this link. Basically it's a tool that calculates the theoretical line speed of an ADSL service.

ADSL Theoretical Speed Calculator

SNR Margin

In general, a higher signal to noise ratio will result in less errors.

• 6bB. or below = Bad and will experience no line synchronisation or intermittent synchronisation problems.


• 7dB-10dB. = Fair but does not leave much room for variances in conditions.


• 11dB-20dB. = Good with little or no synchronisation problems


• 20dB-28dB. = Excellent


• 29dB. or above = Outstanding

Attenuation Rates

In general, attenuation is the loss of signal over distance. Unfortunately, dB loss is not just dependent on distance. It also depends on cable type and gauge (which can differ over the length of the cable), the number and location other connection points on the cable.

• 20bB. and below = Outstanding


• 20dB-30dB. = Excellent


• 30dB-40dB. = Very Good


• 40dB-50dB. = Good


• 50dB-60dB. = Poor and may experience connectivity issues


• 60dB. and above = Bad and will experience connectivity issues

SIMM
Comes in both 30 pin and 72 pin sizes.
Fast Page Mode DRAM
Fast Page Mode DRAM is plain old DRAM as we once knew it. The problem with standard DRAM was that it maxes out at about 50 MHz.



EDO DRAM
EDO DRAM gave people up to 5% system performance increase over DRAM. EDO DRAM is like FPM DRAM with some cache built into the chip. Like FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM maxes out at about 50 MHz.

SDRAM
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
Almost all systems used to ship with 3.3 volt, 168-pin SDRAM DIMMs. SDRAM is not an extension of older EDO DRAM but a new type of DRAM altogether. SDRAM started out running at 66 MHz, while older fast page mode DRAM and EDO max out at 50 MHz. SDRAM is able to scale to 133 MHz (PC133) officially, and unofficially up to 180MHz or higher.



DDR (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
DDR basically doubles the rate of data transfer of standard SDRAM by transferring data on the up and down tick of a clock cycle. DDR memory operating at 333MHz actually operates at 166MHz * 2 (aka PC333 / PC2700) or 133MHz*2 (PC266 / PC2100). DDR is a 2.5 volt technology that uses 184 pins in its DIMMs. It is incompatible with SDRAM physically, but uses a similar parallel bus, making it easier to implement than RDRAM, which is a different technology.



DDR2
DDR2 SDRAM or double-data-rate two synchronous dynamic random access memory, is a part of the SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory) family of technologies. It is an evolutionary improvement over its predecessor, DDR SDRAM. It comes in varients of DDR2-400, DDR2-533, DDR2-667, DDR2-800, and DDR2-1066. It uses 240-pins.



DDR3
DDR3 SDRAM or double-data-rate three synchronous dynamic random access memory, it is an evolutionary improvement over its predecessor, DDR2 SDRAM. It comes as DDR3-800, DDR3-1066, DDR3-1333 and DDR3-1600 speeds and also uses a 240pin socket.



Rambus DRAM (RDRAM - RIMM)
RDRAM is a serial memory technology that arrived in three flavors, PC600, PC700, and PC800. PC800 RDRAM has double the maximum throughput of old PC100 SDRAM, but a higher latency. RDRAM designs with multiple channels, such as those in Pentium 4 motherboard.



SODIMM
SODIMM's are generally used in notebooks, they come in the many variants listed above. Note that the notch on the memory tends to be in a different spot based on the different types.

Microsoft wireless keyboards can be hacked now, a pair of Swiss security researchers have found a way that gives hackers a way to steal passwords and financial account information at a distance. Just think of all that juicy accountant information and the bank details that could be stolen.

Dreamlab Technologies Switzerland Press Release